Trees are often cherished elements of our landscapes, providing beauty, shade, and habitat for wildlife. However, trees that are at risk of falling can pose significant hazards, necessitating their emergency removal for several critical reasons.
Firstly, the safety of people is paramount. Trees that are structurally unsound or weakened by disease, pests, or weather events can fall without warning. Such incidents can result in severe injuries or even fatalities if individuals are struck by the tree or its limbs. Areas beneath or around an unstable tree become perilously unsafe to passersby and residents alike.
Secondly, property damage is a considerable concern. Falling trees can cause extensive harm to homes, vehicles, office buildings, and other structures. The impact can shatter roofs, break windows, and destroy walls, leading to costly repairs and significant financial burdens on homeowners and property managers. Beyond structural damage, fallen trees can also ruin landscaping and other outdoor features such as fences or garden sheds.
Furthermore, power lines are particularly vulnerable to falling trees. When a tree collapses onto overhead power lines, it can disrupt electrical services causing widespread power outages that affect not only residential areas but also businesses and essential services like hospitals and fire departments. Additionally, when trees bring down power lines upon falling, they create serious risks of electrocution or fire which poses further threats to both safety and property.
The urgency in removing trees that pose these risks cannot be overstated because the consequences of inaction are potentially catastrophic. It is crucial for tree owners to conduct regular health checks on their trees through assessments by qualified arborists who can identify signs of weakness or disease that may precede a fall. Timely intervention through pruning or complete removal can prevent accidents and protect individuals as well as assets.
Therefore, while the decision to remove a tree is never taken lightly considering environmental concerns and aesthetic preferences; public safety, property protection from damage costs recovery times after disruptions caused due to power outages necessitate urgent action when a tree poses imminent dangers by being at risk of falling.
Storms are a formidable force of nature, and their impact on trees can be severe, often necessitating emergency tree removal to mitigate immediate hazards and prevent potential damage. Understanding the dynamics of how storms damage trees reveals why timely intervention is crucial.
Firstly, the high winds associated with many storms are a primary concern. These winds can create stress points in trees, particularly in those that are already weakened by disease, age, or previous weather events. The force exerted by strong winds can cause branches to snap or, more severely, lead to the uprooting of entire trees. Once a tree's structural integrity is compromised in this way, it poses a significant risk not only to itself but also to its surroundings – including homes, power lines, and pedestrian areas.
Moreover, storms often bring heavy rains that saturate the soil. This saturation reduces the soil's ability to adequately support the roots of a tree. In such weakened conditions, even moderate winds might be enough to topple a tree that would otherwise have stood firm if not for the saturated ground. This phenomenon makes emergency tree removal imperative after significant rainfall events accompanied by winds.
Additionally, ice and snow are other storm-related elements that can critically weaken trees. Accumulation of ice or wet snow on branches adds substantial weight, causing limbs to break or entire portions of canopy to collapse under the excessive load. The sudden dropping of large branches or splitting of trunks can be catastrophic if it occurs near populated areas or infrastructure.
Lightning strikes during thunderstorms also present severe risks for trees. A direct strike can instantly kill a tree by evaporating its internal moisture so rapidly that it causes wood fibers to explode outwards from the trunk. Even if a lightning-struck tree doesn't fall immediately, its structural integrity may be fatally compromised leading it vulnerable to falling laterally without warning.
Emergency tree removal becomes essential in these circumstances because each scenario presents clear dangers to public safety and property. Removing damaged trees promptly ensures that risks from falling debris are minimized and further damage due to unstable trees is prevented.
In conclusion, storms have multiple ways by which they can seriously weaken or damage parts of a tree making emergency removal not just an option but often a necessity. It is critical for maintaining safety standards in urban settings as well as natural landscapes where human activity intersects with wooded areas.
Diseases and pest infestations in trees are not merely cosmetic concerns or minor nuisances; they pose severe threats to the structural integrity of trees which can lead to significant safety hazards. Addressing these issues promptly through measures like emergency tree removal is often crucial to prevent potential accidents and ensure public and property safety.
When a tree contracts a disease or is infested by pests, its physiological functions are compromised. Diseases can be fungal, bacterial, or viral, and each attacks the tree differently. Fungal diseases such as root rot weaken the roots, diminishing the tree's ability to absorb water and nutrients. This leads to a weakening of the entire structure of the tree - from roots to leaves. Similarly, bacterial infections like fire blight cause branches and limbs to die off rapidly, making them brittle and likely to break off.
Pest infestations can also debilitate trees significantly. Insects such as bark beetles burrow into the tree's bark and lay eggs. As larvae hatch and grow, they consume the inner wood of the tree, hollowing it out from within. This internal damage isn't always immediately visible from the outside but significantly compromises the structural integrity of the tree.
A structurally weakened tree poses several risks. Firstly, there is an increased likelihood that branches or limbs will fall unexpectedly, which can cause injury to people below or damage to property such as cars, homes, and power lines. Secondly, in cases of severe instability caused by root damage or extensive internal decay, there's a risk that the entire tree might topple over.
Emergency removal of trees might become necessary when there is an imminent danger posed by a compromised tree. For instance, if an inspection reveals that critical support structures (like main branches or trunk) show signs of disease or infestation-related weaknesses-and hence might fail during severe weather conditions-prompt intervention becomes essential.
Moreover, proactive removal helps mitigate longer-term hazards where a visibly diseased or pest-infested tree could spread pathogens or pests throughout an area. Removing such trees not only protects nearby vegetation but reduces future costs associated with controlling widespread outbreaks.
In summary, while trees add immense value aesthetically and environmentally to our surroundings, their health must be vigilantly monitored especially since diseases and pest infestations can lead them to become liabilities rather than assets. Emergency removal becomes imperative when these factors threaten public safety and property security-demonstrating how vital regular inspections and timely interventions are in urban forestry management practices.
Emergency tree removal becomes a critical service when trees threaten or interfere with utility lines, highlighting the delicate balance between maintaining natural landscapes and ensuring public safety and infrastructure resilience. The presence of trees near power lines is not uncommon; however, when they pose a threat due to proximity, disease, or damage, urgent action is necessary.
Utility lines are essential for transmitting electricity, internet, and phone services from providers to consumers. These lines are often stretched over long distances and through various terrains, including wooded areas. Trees in close contact with power lines can cause significant disruptions. For instance, during storms or high winds, limbs or entire trees can fall, breaking the lines or causing them to short circuit. This not only leads to power outages but can also spark fires or create electrocution risks if the downed wires remain live.
Moreover, trees that grow too close to utility lines pose a constant threat even without severe weather conditions. Branches swaying in moderate winds might touch the wires intermittently, causing fluctuating power and potential damage to both the electrical grid and home appliances. In rural areas especially, where vegetation management might be less frequent due to resource constraints, the risk increases manifold.
The impact of such interruptions goes beyond mere inconvenience. Power outages can affect thousands of people at a time, leading to economic losses and hampering emergency services that rely on uninterrupted power supply. For vulnerable populations like the elderly or those with medical needs dependent on electrically powered devices, these outages can pose serious health risks.
In these scenarios, emergency tree removal services become indispensable. Professionals in this field are trained to handle dangerous situations where working near utility lines requires specific expertise to ensure safety while preventing further damage to infrastructure. They use specialized equipment and techniques designed for high-risk environments.
Tree trimming and removal around utility lines must also consider environmental impacts and local regulations governing vegetation management. Balancing ecological preservation with human safety and convenience is crucial; therefore., strategic planning involving regular maintenance schedules helps mitigate emergency situations before they arise.
In conclusion, while trees add aesthetic value and numerous environmental benefits such as air purification and habitat for wildlife, their management becomes essential when they interfere with utility lines. Emergency tree removal services play a vital role in ensuring that these natural elements do not turn into hazards but continue contributing positively towards urban landscapes and ecosystems safely coexisting with critical infrastructure.
Trees are essential to our environment, providing oxygen, beautifying landscapes, and offering shelter to wildlife. However, they can sometimes become hazards that necessitate emergency removal. One of the primary reasons for the urgent need to remove trees is when they create obstruction issues. These scenarios not only inconvenience daily activities but also pose significant risks to safety.
Firstly, trees obstructing traffic visibility present a critical concern. Roads and streets must be clear of any visual obstructions to ensure the safe flow of vehicles and pedestrians. When a tree's branches hang too low or its foliage grows thick enough to block drivers' view of traffic signs, oncoming traffic, or pedestrians crossing the street, it becomes a potential trigger for accidents. In such instances, immediate action is required because the risk of collision increases dramatically with every moment the obstruction remains.
Secondly, trees can obstruct pathways and sidewalks, making it difficult or impossible for pedestrians to pass by safely. This is particularly dangerous for individuals with disabilities or those using mobility aids such as wheelchairs or walkers. Overgrown roots can also disrupt pavement integrity, creating uneven surfaces that could lead to trips and falls. Emergency tree removal in these cases prevents injuries and ensures that pathways remain accessible and safe for everyone.
Lastly, trees might block entryways to homes or businesses which can be more than just an inconvenience; this situation could hinder emergency services in times of crisis. If a tree falls during a storm and blocks an entrance or exit point of a building, it can trap inhabitants inside or prevent them from evacuating quickly in emergencies like fires or medical crises.
Immediate attention to these situations isn't just about removing an inconvenience; it's about preventing potential injuries and ensuring public safety. Emergency tree removal professionals are trained not only to efficiently remove these hazards but also to assess the health of nearby trees to prevent future issues.
In conclusion, while we often regard trees as benign elements of nature beautifying our surroundings, their misplacement or poor maintenance can create serious safety hazards requiring immediate resolution through emergency tree removal services. Thus, maintaining vigilance over tree health and placement is critical in urban planning and personal property management alike.
In the wake of a wildfire, the landscape undergoes a dramatic transformation. Trees, once robust and towering, bear the scars of the blaze, their trunks charred and branches weakened. While it may seem that leaving these trees to recover naturally is beneficial for the ecosystem, there are compelling reasons why trees damaged by fire may need to be removed urgently. This necessity hinges primarily on safety concerns and ecological considerations.
Firstly, fire-damaged trees pose significant safety hazards. The structural integrity of trees is heavily compromised when exposed to high temperatures. The heat damages the cellulose structure in the wood, making the tree brittle and unstable. Over time, these weakened trees can become even more susceptible to falling — a danger exacerbated by wind or subsequent storms. Immediate removal is essential in populated areas or near structures where falling trees could injure people or cause property damage.
Secondly, emergency removal of fire-damaged trees can be crucial for facilitating new growth and maintaining ecological balance in an area. Wildfires often leave behind a complex mix of scorched earth and weakened vegetation which can hinder new plant growth if not managed properly. Removing severely burned trees can reduce competition for vital nutrients and sunlight, thereby encouraging the regeneration of younger plants and helping restore biodiversity more quickly.
Moreover, dead or dying trees that remain standing after a fire provide an ideal breeding ground for pests and diseases which can spread to healthy surrounding vegetation. By removing these trees promptly, forest managers can help prevent such infestations that would further stress recovering ecosystems.
Finally, there are logistical reasons for quick removal. The process of clearing fire-damaged trees is considerably easier when done soon after a fire because the full extent of damage is clearly visible and immediate action can be taken before decay sets in. Delaying this task not only complicates assessments but also increases both physical difficulty and financial cost associated with removal operations as time goes on.
In conclusion, while it might seem counterintuitive to cut down trees after they have already suffered from a blaze, urgent removal of fire-damaged trees is often necessary both for public safety and ecological recovery reasons. Prompt action ensures safer communities while simultaneously fostering healthier forests capable of rebounding from fire's destructive force.
Emergency tree removal is often perceived as a last resort for dealing with tree-related issues. However, there are specific circumstances under which local regulations or laws mandate the swift removal of trees from properties to ensure public safety, protect infrastructure, and preserve the environment.
One primary legal reason for emergency tree removal is when a tree poses an immediate threat to public safety. This situation could arise if a tree has been severely damaged by storms, disease, or pest infestation and is in danger of falling onto streets, sidewalks, or buildings. In such cases, local governments have ordinances that require property owners to remove these hazardous trees promptly to prevent potential injuries or fatalities.
Another regulatory scenario demanding the urgent removal of trees involves the protection of infrastructure. Trees with roots that interfere with sewer lines, underground water pipes, or electrical foundations can cause significant damage and disruptions. Municipal codes often empower city officials to order the removal of such trees to safeguard essential services and public utilities from any form of structural harm.
Furthermore, laws may also necessitate emergency tree removal for environmental conservation reasons. For instance, if a particular species of tree becomes host to an invasive insect or disease that threatens other flora in the area, removing these infected trees quickly can be crucial in preventing the spread of the contagion and protecting other plant life within the ecosystem.
In addition to these scenarios, urban development and construction projects sometimes require clearing out older trees to make way for new structures or roadways. Although this might not always fall under 'emergency' per se unless related to immediate infrastructural integration like road expansion due to unforeseen traffic hazards-local zoning laws may still expedite this process based on broader civic needs.
Lastly, in areas prone to wildfires, emergency removal might be necessary when trees are deemed as contributing significantly to fire hazards. Regulations in fire-prone zones might mandate maintaining a defensible space around properties by removing potentially flammable vegetation including certain types of trees.
In conclusion, while the emergency removal of trees can be disruptive and even emotionally challenging for communities who value their natural landscapes, it remains a vital action under various legal and regulatory circumstances aimed at ensuring greater communal well-being.
Emergency tree removal is often a critical component in the preparation stages of construction projects. Trees may need to be removed quickly for several reasons, each directly impacting project timelines, safety, and financial planning. Here are some cases that illustrate why rapid tree removal can become necessary in construction environments.
Firstly, unforeseen circumstances often dictate the need for emergency tree removal. During the initial site clearing, trees that were previously assessed as safe might suddenly be deemed unstable due to factors like disease or damage from unexpected weather events such as storms or heavy winds. In such situations, immediate action is required to prevent potential hazards to construction personnel and equipment. For instance, a weakened tree could collapse onto a developing structure or obstruct crucial access paths, causing delays and possibly leading to increased costs due to idle labor and machinery.
Secondly, legal and regulatory compliance can necessitate the quick removal of trees. Construction projects must adhere to strict schedules to comply with permits and local regulations that might dictate specific times during which environmental disruptions are allowed. For example, if environmental assessments are delayed and only completed close to these restricted periods, any required tree removal must be performed swiftly to stay within legal boundaries and avoid penalties or project shutdowns.
Additionally, emergency tree removal might be required when unexpected discoveries are made during excavation or other ground work. Sometimes, roots from seemingly distant trees can extend far into a building site, potentially interfering with foundation structures or underground utilities like water pipes or cables. Discovering such issues partway through the building process can lead to urgent removal requests to mitigate immediate risks of structural damage or significant utility failures.
Moreover, project modifications sometimes necessitate rapid adjustments on-site including the removal of additional trees not originally marked for clearing. Changes in design, client requests, or adaptations due to practical constraints (like terrain issues discovered during construction) might require quick reevaluation of existing vegetation impacts on the new plans.
Lastly, emergency tree removal becomes crucial in managing invasive species that pose threats not only to the construction site but also the surrounding ecosystem. Quick identification and eradication of invasive species such as certain types of fast-growing trees can prevent them from spreading further and causing ecological damage.
In conclusion, while ideally all aspects of a construction project including tree impacts are planned well in advance with ample time for mitigation measures; real-world scenarios often differ. Emergency tree removal thus becomes an essential tool in ensuring that construction projects proceed safely without unforeseen delays while maintaining compliance with legal standards and minimizing impacts on local ecosystems.
Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental benefits.[1] Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands.[2] The science of forestry has elements that belong to the biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences.[3] Forest management plays an essential role in the creation and modification of habitats and affects ecosystem services provisioning.[4]
Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including: the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as "sinks" for atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as the most important component of the biosphere,[5] and forestry has emerged as a vital applied science, craft, and technology. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Another common term is silviculturist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry.
All people depend upon forests and their biodiversity, some more than others.[6] Forestry is an important economic segment in various industrial countries,[7] as forests provide more than 86 million green jobs and support the livelihoods of many more people.[6] For example, in Germany, forests cover nearly a third of the land area,[8] wood is the most important renewable resource, and forestry supports more than a million jobs and about €181 billion of value to the German economy each year.[9]
Worldwide, an estimated 880 million people spend part of their time collecting fuelwood or producing charcoal, many of them women.[6][quantify] Human populations tend to be low in areas of low-income countries with high forest cover and high forest biodiversity, but poverty rates in these areas tend to be high.[6] Some 252 million people living in forests and savannahs have incomes of less than US$1.25 per day.[6]
Over the past centuries, forestry was regarded as a separate science. With the rise of ecology and environmental science, there has been a reordering in the applied sciences. In line with this view, forestry is a primary land-use science comparable with agriculture.[10] Under these headings, the fundamentals behind the management of natural forests comes by way of natural ecology. Forests or tree plantations, those whose primary purpose is the extraction of forest products, are planned and managed to utilize a mix of ecological and agroecological principles.[11] In many regions of the world there is considerable conflict between forest practices and other societal priorities such as water quality, watershed preservation, sustainable fishing, conservation, and species preservation.[12]
Silvology (Latin: silva or sylva, "forests and woods"; Ancient Greek: -λογία, -logia, "science of" or "study of") is the biological science of studying forests and woodlands, incorporating the understanding of natural forest ecosystems, and the effects and development of silvicultural practices. The term complements silviculture, which deals with the art and practice of forest management.[13]
Silvology is seen as a single science for forestry and was first used by Professor Roelof A.A. Oldeman at Wageningen University.[14] It integrates the study of forests and forest ecology, dealing with single tree autecology and natural forest ecology.
Dendrology (Ancient Greek: δÃŽÂνδρον, dendron, "tree"; and Ancient Greek: -λογία, -logia, science of or study of) or xylology (Ancient Greek: ξÃÂλον, ksulon, "wood") is the science and study of woody plants (trees, shrubs, and lianas), specifically, their taxonomic classifications.[15] There is no sharp boundary between plant taxonomy and dendrology; woody plants not only belong to many different plant families, but these families may be made up of both woody and non-woody members. Some families include only a few woody species. Dendrology, as a discipline of industrial forestry, tends to focus on identification of economically useful woody plants and their taxonomic interrelationships. As an academic course of study, dendrology will include all woody plants, native and non-native, that occur in a region. A related discipline is the study of sylvics, which focuses on the autecology of genera and species.
The provenance of forest reproductive material used to plant forests has a great influence on how the trees develop, hence why it is important to use forest reproductive material of good quality and of high genetic diversity.[16] More generally, all forest management practices, including in natural regeneration systems, may impact the genetic diversity of trees.
The term genetic diversity describes the differences in DNA sequence between individuals as distinct from variation caused by environmental influences. The unique genetic composition of an individual (its genotype) will determine its performance (its phenotype) at a particular site.[17]
Genetic diversity is needed to maintain the vitality of forests and to provide resilience to pests and diseases. Genetic diversity also ensures that forest trees can survive, adapt and evolve under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, genetic diversity is the foundation of biological diversity at species and ecosystem levels. Forest genetic resources are therefore important to consider in forest management.[16]
Genetic diversity in forests is threatened by forest fires, pests and diseases, habitat fragmentation, poor silvicultural practices and inappropriate use of forest reproductive material.
About 98 million hectares of forest were affected by fire in 2015; this was mainly in the tropical domain, where fire burned about 4 percent of the total forest area in that year. More than two-thirds of the total forest area affected was in Africa and South America. Insects, diseases and severe weather events damaged about 40 million hectares of forests in 2015, mainly in the temperate and boreal domains.[18]
Furthermore, the marginal populations of many tree species are facing new threats due to the effects of climate change.[16]
Most countries in Europe have recommendations or guidelines for selecting species and provenances that can be used in a given site or zone.[17]
Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture, forest protection, and forest regulation. This includes management for timber, aesthetics, recreation, urban values, water, wildlife, inland and nearshore fisheries, wood products, plant genetic resources, and other forest resource values.[19] Management objectives can be for conservation, utilisation, or a mixture of the two. Techniques include timber extraction, planting and replanting of different species, building and maintenance of roads and pathways through forests, and preventing fire.
The first dedicated forestry school was established by Georg Ludwig Hartig at Hungen in the Wetterau, Hesse, in 1787, though forestry had been taught earlier in central Europe, including at the University of Giessen, in Hesse-Darmstadt.
In Spain, the first forestry school was the Forest Engineering School of Madrid (Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes), founded in 1844.
The first in North America, the Biltmore Forest School was established near Asheville, North Carolina, by Carl A. Schenck on September 1, 1898, on the grounds of George W. Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate. Another early school was the New York State College of Forestry, established at Cornell University just a few weeks later, in September 1898.
Early 19th century North American foresters went to Germany to study forestry. Some early German foresters also emigrated to North America.
In South America the first forestry school was established in Brazil, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, in 1962, and moved the next year to become a faculty at the Federal University of Paraná, in Curitiba.[34]
Today, forestry education typically includes training in general biology, ecology, botany, genetics, soil science, climatology, hydrology, economics and forest management. Education in the basics of sociology and political science is often considered an advantage. Professional skills in conflict resolution and communication are also important in training programs.[35]
In India, forestry education is imparted in the agricultural universities and in Forest Research Institutes (deemed universities). Four year degree programmes are conducted in these universities at the undergraduate level. Masters and Doctorate degrees are also available in these universities.
In the United States, postsecondary forestry education leading to a Bachelor's degree or Master's degree is accredited by the Society of American Foresters.[36]
In Canada the Canadian Institute of Forestry awards silver rings to graduates from accredited university BSc programs, as well as college and technical programs.[37]
In many European countries, training in forestry is made in accordance with requirements of the Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area.
The International Union of Forest Research Organizations is the only international organization that coordinates forest science efforts worldwide.[38]
In order to keep up with changing demands and environmental factors, forestry education does not stop at graduation. Increasingly, forestry professionals engage in regular training to maintain and improve on their management practices. An increasingly popular tool are marteloscopes; one hectare large, rectangular forest sites where all trees are numbered, mapped and recorded.
These sites can be used to do virtual thinnings and test one's wood quality and volume estimations as well as tree microhabitats. This system is mainly suitable to regions with small-scale multi-functional forest management systems
Forestry literature is the books, journals and other publications about forestry.
The first major works about forestry in the English language included Roger Taverner's Booke of Survey (1565), John Manwood's A Brefe Collection of the Lawes of the Forrest (1592) and John Evelyn's Sylva (1662).[39]
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The Society of American Foresters grants accreditation only to specific educational curricula that lead to a first professional degree in forestry at the bachelor's or master's level.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings​, FAO, FAO.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (license statement/permission). Text taken from The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief​, FAO & UNEP, FAO & UNEP.
This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023​, FAO, FAO.
Arboriculture (/ˈɑËÂrbÉ™rɪˌkÊŒltʃər, É‘ËÂrˈbÉâ€Ã‹Âr-/)[1] is the cultivation, management, and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants. The science of arboriculture studies how these plants grow and respond to cultural practices and to their environment. The practice of arboriculture includes cultural techniques such as selection, planting, training, fertilization, pest and pathogen control, pruning, shaping, and removal.
A person who practices or studies arboriculture can be termed an arborist or an arboriculturist. A tree surgeon is more typically someone who is trained in the physical maintenance and manipulation of trees and therefore more a part of the arboriculture process rather than an arborist. Risk management, legal issues, and aesthetic considerations have come to play prominent roles in the practice of arboriculture. Businesses often need to hire arboriculturists to complete "tree hazard surveys" and generally manage the trees on-site to fulfill occupational safety and health obligations.[citation needed]
Arboriculture is primarily focused on individual woody plants and trees maintained for permanent landscape and amenity purposes, usually in gardens, parks or other populated settings, by arborists, for the enjoyment, protection, and benefit of people.[citation needed]
Arboricultural matters are also considered to be within the practice of urban forestry yet the clear and separate divisions are not distinct or discreet.[citation needed]
Tree benefits are the economic, ecological, social and aesthetic use, function purpose, or services of a tree (or group of trees), in its situational context in the landscape.
A tree defect is any feature, condition, or deformity of a tree that indicates weak structure or instability that could contribute to tree failure.
Common types of tree defects:
Codominant stems: two or more stems that grow upward from a single point of origin and compete with one another.
Included bark: bark is incorporated in the joint between two limbs, creating a weak attachment
Dead, diseased, or broken branches:
Cracks
Cavity and hollows: sunken or open areas wherein a tree has suffered injury followed by decay. Further indications include: fungal fruiting structures, insect or animal nests.
Lean: a lean of more than 40% from vertical presents a risk of tree failure
Taper: change in diameter over the length of trunks branches and roots
Epicormic branches (water sprouts in canopy or suckers from root system): often grow in response to major damage or excessive pruning
Roots:
Proper tree installation ensures the long-term viability of the tree and reduces the risk of tree failure.
Quality nursery stock must be used. There must be no visible damage or sign of disease. Ideally the tree should have good crown structure. A healthy root ball should not have circling roots and new fibrous roots should be present at the soil perimeter. Girdling or circling roots should be pruned out. Excess soil above the root flare should be removed immediately, since it present a risk of disease ingress into the trunk.
Appropriate time of year to plant: generally fall or early spring in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.
Planting hole: the planting hole should be 3 times the width of the root ball. The hole should be dug deep enough that when the root ball is placed on the substrate, the root flare is 3–5cm above the surrounding soil grade. If soil is left against the trunk, it may lead to bark, cambium and wood decay. Angular sides to the planting hole will encourage roots to grow radially from the trunk, rather than circling the planting hole. In urban settings, soil preparation may include the use of:
Tree wells: a zone of mulch can be installed around the tree trunk to: limit root zone competition (from turf or weeds), reduce soil compaction, improve soil structure, conserve moisture, and keep lawn equipment at a distance. No more than 5–10cm of mulch should be used to avoid suffocating the roots. Mulch must be kept approximately 20cm from the trunk to avoid burying the root flare. With city trees additional tree well preparation includes:
Tree grates/grill and frames: limit compaction on root zone and mechanical damage to roots and trunk
Root barriers: forces roots to grow down under surface asphalt/concrete/pavers to limit infrastructure damage from roots
Staking: newly planted, immature trees should be staked for one growing season to allow for the root system to establish. Staking for longer than one season should only be considered in situations where the root system has failed to establish sufficient structural support. Guy wires can be used for larger, newly planted trees. Care must be used to avoid stem girdling from the support system ties.
Irrigation: irrigation infrastructure may be installed to ensure a regular water supply throughout the lifetime of the tree. Wicking beds are an underground reservoir from which water is wicked into soil. Watering bags may be temporarily installed around tree stakes to provide water until the root system becomes established. Permeable paving allows for water infiltration in paved urban settings, such as parks and walkways.
Within the United Kingdom trees are considered as a material consideration within the town planning system and may be conserved as amenity landscape[2] features.
The role of the Arborist or Local Government Arboricultural Officer is likely to have a great effect on such matters. Identification of trees of high quality which may have extensive longevity is a key element in the preservation of trees.
Urban and rural trees may benefit from statutory protection under the Town and Country Planning[3] system. Such protection can result in the conservation and improvement of the urban forest as well as rural settlements.
Historically the profession divides into the operational and professional areas. These might be further subdivided into the private and public sectors. The profession is broadly considered as having one trade body known as the Arboricultural Association, although the Institute of Chartered Foresters offers a route for professional recognition and chartered arboriculturist status.
The qualifications associated with the industry range from vocational to Doctorate. Arboriculture is a comparatively young industry.
The International Society of Arboriculture, commonly known as ISA, is an international non-profit organization headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia,[1] United States. The ISA serves the tree care industry as a paid membership association and a credentialing organization that promotes the professional practice of arboriculture.[2] ISA focuses on providing research, technology, and education opportunities for tree care professionals to develop their arboricultural expertise. ISA also works to educate the general public about the benefits of trees and the need for proper tree care.[3][4]
Worldwide, ISA has 22,000 members and 31,000 ISA-certified tree care professionals with 59 chapters, associate organizations, and professional affiliates throughout North America, Asia, Oceania, Europe, and South America.[5]
ISA offers the following credentials:
The Certified Arborist credential identifies professional arborists who have a minimum of three years' full-time experience working in the professional tree care industry and who have passed an examination covering facets of arboriculture.[6][7] The Western Chapter of the ISA started the certification program in the 1980s,[citation needed] with the ISA initiating it in 1992.[8]
The Board Certified Master Arborist (BCMA) or simply Master Arborist credential identifies professional arborists who have attained the highest level of arboriculture offered by the ISA and one of the two top levels in the field. There are several paths to the Board Certified Master Arborist, but typically on average each has been an ISA Certified Arborist a minimum of three to five years before qualifying for the exam (this can vary depending upon other education and experience). The certification began as a result of the need to distinguish the top few arborists and allow others to identify those with superior credentials.
The Master Arborist examination is a far more extensive exam than the Certified Arborist Exam, and covers a broad scope of both aboriculture management, science and work practices. The exam includes the following areas:
Another credential that is on a par with the Master Arborist is that of the American Society of Consulting Arborists, the Registered Consulting Arborist.[9] There are perhaps six hundred individuals with that qualification, and only 70 arborists who hold both credentials.[citation needed]
We recently had five large pine trees taken down in our front yard. We had three bids from different tree companies. We also wanted the stumps ground as well as chasing roots above ground. Rudy was fantastic and his workers were very skilled and the clean up was exceptional. We would highly recommend them and not hesitate to use them again.
Used Rudy and All In Tree for numerous things over the last year and a half. Pricing is Competitive. Very responsive to calls and tests. I like that they're insured. Did what he said what he was going to do and when he said he was going to do it. A couple of things didn't meet my expectations and he immediately came out and made it right. I have recommended to multiple other people.
Update! 10/10/23 After they helped me last month, All in Tree Service has again saved the day! A couple of large trees washed down the creek on my property recently and one of them was lodged against the pipes that go from my house to the street. There were other large tree trunks in the creek as well and also one wedged against the supports for my bridge. The All In team went to work and within a couple of hours had everything cleaned up and removed. The pipes and the bridge are safe! I recommend this team wholeheartedly. They care about what they do and it shows. Thank you! I’m very grateful. This team exemplifies professionalism. The before and after pictures tell a great story. September 2023 I recently was fortunate enough to find Rudy and Yaremi of All In Tree Services. A very large and very high limb on a big oak tree was hanging after a storm. It was a danger to me, to my dogs and to the fence below it. I had never met Rudy and Yaremi before. They were the first to call me back when I started my search for a reliable tree service. They clearly wanted the business so I gave them a chance. I’m so glad I did. They were very impressive! Their strategy and teamwork were incredible. Clearly they are very experienced at this kind of work. I took some pictures but I wish I had filmed the whole thing. It was amazing. They roped off the limb so it would not fall on anything or anyone. Then they quickly got the limb cut and safely on the ground and helped to clear up the debris. I am extremely happy with their service and with the friendly and professional manner with which they conducted themselves. I have already recommended them to my neighbors and I strongly encourage anyone who needs tree services to call them.
All professional service. Timely, efficient, friendly. I had big old dead trees that I feared daily were going to come down. I called them in an emergency and they came the very next morning, no problem, no excuses. The guys were about service and me as a customer. They saw what I needed and went above and beyond to make sure I was a satisfied customer. I am a satisfied customer. I will use this company again and again. Thank you Rudy.